Melatonin is a hormone produced by the pineal gland located in the brain. The release of melatonin helps us fall asleep. Melatonin supplements have been used to treat insomnia. The results of clinical trials, however, are contradictory. This may be because a wide variety of doses have been used. One study suggests that 3 mg of melatonin – a common dose sold in stores – is less effective than 0.3 mg. I usually recommend 0.3 mg (300 mcg) for both insomnia and jet lag.
Melatonin has been tested for the prevention and acute treatment of migraines.
Melatonin was not effective in a study by Norwegian doctors. They gave 2 mg of extended-release melatonin every night for 8 weeks to 46 migraine sufferers. All 46 received also received 8 weeks of placebo in a double-blind crossover trial. Migraine frequency did improve from an average of 4.2 a month to 2.8 in both the melatonin and the placebo groups.
Another blinded trial was done in Brazil by Dr. Mario Peres and his colleagues. It compared 3 mg of immediate-release melatonin with a placebo and with 25 mg of amitriptyline. The study involved 196 patients. The number of headache days dropped by 2.7 days in the melatonin group, 2.18 for amitriptyline, and 1.18 for placebo. Melatonin significantly reduced headache frequency compared to placebo. Amitriptyline did not. Not surprisingly, melatonin was much better tolerated than amitriptyline. Considering its safety and very low cost, it is worth considering a trial of 3 mg of melatonin for the prevention of migraine headaches.
It is possible that, unlike with insomnia, a higher dose is more effective for the prevention of migraines. And, the immediate-release form could be more effective than the sustained-release one.
Melatonin may be effective as an acute treatment for pediatric migraine, according to a study just published by Dr. Amy Gelfand and her colleagues at UCSF. This was an 84-patient trial, although only 46 children completed it. Both low and high doses of melatonin were associated with pain reduction. Higher dose and napping after treatment predicted greater benefit. The benefit was likely an indirect one – melatonin helped children fall asleep and sleep, often in children but also in some adults, can relieve a migraine attack.
