Intravenous medications for trigeminal neuralgia

Trigeminal neuralgia is an extremely painful condition that causes electric-like pain in the face. It is often misdiagnosed as a dental problem, sinus headache or another condition. The pain is very brief, just like an electric shock, but it can occur continuously and is often triggered by brushing teeth, chewing, talking, or even by wind. This is a very treatable condition and it usually responds to anti-epilepsy drugs, Botox injections and, if those fail, surgery. Many patients have periods of sudden worsening of pain and until medications or Botox begin to help they need emergency treatment for pain. Narcotics (opioids) are usually ineffective. Dr. Merritt and Cohen of the Beth Israel Hospital in New York recently described the use of intravenous antiepileptic medications for acute exacerbations of trigeminal neuralgia in the emergency department. They described 21 patients, 15 women and 6 men whose aged ranged from 33-88 and the mean age was 69 (trigeminal neuralgia is more common in the elderly). 19 received intravenous fosphenytoin (Cerebyx, a drug related to an oral drug Dilantin) 2 received levetiracetam (Keppra) with excellent relief. Side effects included double vision, dizziness, sleepiness, and itchiness with fosphenytoin and no side effects were observed in 2 who received levetiracetam. Unfortunately, the most commonly used oral drugs for trigeminal neuralgia, carbamazepine (Tegretol) and oxcarbazepine (Trileptal) are not available in an injectable form. Another epilepsy drug, divalproex sodium (Depakote) can be given intravenously (Depakene) but it does not appear to be very effective for trigeminal neuralgia.

Art credit: JulieMauskop