Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) and migraine

The term postural orthostatic tachycardia means that the heart rate becomes very fast upon standing up. POTS is a disorder of the autonomic nervous system that is associated with abnormal blood flow regulation. Almost all patients with POTS suffer from migraines. POTS can present with a bewildering variety of additional symptoms besides headaches (see below). This is why the diagnosis is often missed. Unfortunately, there are very few effective treatments for POTS. Making the correct diagnosis, nevertheless, is very important. It explains the cause of symptoms that are often dismissed as psychological and in some patients, treatment can lead to a dramatic improvement.

This blog was prompted by a positive study of a drug, ivabradine, to treat POTS that was published by Dr. Pam Taub and her colleagues. Ivabradine (Corlanor) is approved by the FDA to treat heart failure, so its use for POTS is “off-label”. This means that insurance companies are not likely to cover an unapproved use of a drug that costs $500 a month. With additional trials confirming that ivabradine works and with a lot of persuasion by the doctor, insurers might cover it if other treatments fail. Currently, the drugs that are used to treat POTS include beta-blockers, midodrine, fludrocortisone, and others. Increased intake of salt and fluids, exercise, dietary changes, and correction of nutritional deficiencies such as vitamin B12 and magnesium cal also help.

Here is how the Cleveland Clinic website describes POTS:
POTS symptoms can be uncomfortable and frightening experiences. Patients with POTS usually suffer from two or more of the many symptoms listed below. Not all patients with POTS have all these symptoms.
High blood pressure/low blood pressure.
High/low heart rate; racing heart rate.
Chest pain.
Dizziness/lightheadedness especially in standing up, prolonged standing in one position, or long walks.
Fainting or near-fainting.
Exhaustion/fatigue.
Abdominal pain and bloating, nausea.
Temperature deregulation (hot or cold).
Nervous, jittery feeling.
Forgetfulness and trouble focusing (brain fog).
Blurred vision.
Headaches and body pain/aches (may feel flu-like); neck pain.
Insomnia and frequent awakenings from sleep, chest pain and racing heart rate during sleep, excessive sweating.
Shakiness/tremors especially with adrenaline surges.
Discoloration of feet and hands.
Exercise intolerance.
Excessive or lack of sweating.
Diarrhea and/or constipation.